On This Day
14 January
- 🇮🇳 In India
- 1761 Third Battle of Panipat took place at Panipat, about 97 km north of Delhi, between the Maratha Empire and the invading Afghan army. The Marathas lost.
- 1914 The Gandhi-Smuts Agreement is reached between General J C Smuts and Mahatma Gandhi, regarding voluntary registration, poll tax, recognition of Indian marriages and other matters.
- 1926 Mahasweta Devi, writer in Bengali and an activist, was born. She was a leftist who worked for the rights and empowerment of the tribal people of West Bengal, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.
- 1969 Post State Reorganization in 1956, the remaining Madras State was renamed to Tamil Nadu by Chief Minister C N Annadurai.
- 1970 Mathai Manjooran, independence activist from Kerala, socialist revolutionary, passed away. Founder of the Kerala Socialist Party, he was Member of Parliament, Minister of Labour in the second E.M.S. Namboodiripad communist ministry, and above all a proponent for the formation of the Kerala State.
- 1977 Kumar Ram Narain Karthikeyan, first Indian driver to compete in Formula One, was born.
- 1980 Indira Gandhi was sworn in as the Prime Minister of India. She held the office till she was assassinated on October 31, 1984.
- 1999 A stampede at a hilltop at Pampa on the foothills of Sabarimala in Kerala results in deaths and injuries.
- 🌎 Elsewhere
- 1742 Edmond Halley, English astronomer, geophysicist, mathematician, meteorologist, and physicist, died. He was the first to calculate the orbit of a comet later named after him.
- 1875 Dr Albert Schweitzer, French theologian, musician, philosopher and Nobel Prize-winning physician who set up a native hospital in French Equatorial Africa in 1913, was born.
- 1898 Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (better known by his pen name Lewis Carroll), English author, poet and mathematician, died in Guildford, United Kingdom. His most notable works are Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its sequel Through the Looking-Glass. He was noted for his facility with word play, logic, and fantasy.
- 2005 Cassini-Huygens space probe of US-European space mission landed on Saturn's largest moon, Titan. It marked the first time a spacecraft landed on a planetary surface in the outer solar system.
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