On This Day
3 April
- 🇮🇳 In India
- 1680 Shivaji Bhonsale I (Chhatrapati Shivaji), Indian ruler and a member of the Bhonsle Maratha clan, died. Shivaji carved out an enclave from the declining Adilshahi sultanate of Bijapur that formed the genesis of the Maratha Empire.
- 1796 The first elephant was shipped to the US from Bengal, India, by Broadway showman Jacob Croninshield.
- 1903 Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay, social reformer and freedom activist, was born. She is most remembered for her contribution to the Indian independence movement; for being the driving force behind the renaissance of Indian handicrafts, handlooms, and theatre in independent India; and for upliftment of the socio-economic standard of Indian women by pioneering the co-operation.
- 1914 Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw, Chief of the Army Staff of the Indian Army during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, was born. He was the first Indian Army officer to be promoted to the rank of field marshal.
- 1984 Rakesh Sharma became the first Indian to go to space. He spent 7 days, 21 hours and 40 minutes aboard the Salyut 7 space station. With his space voyage, India became the 14th nation in the world to send a man to outer space.
- 🌎 Elsewhere
- 1860 The Pony Express mail delivery system, which used continuous horse-and-rider relays along a 1,800-mile (2,900-km) route, was launched in the United States.
- 1933 Lieut. David McIntyre and Sir Douglas Douglas-Hamilton became the first men to fly over the summit of Everest.
- 1934 Jane Goodall, English primatologist and anthropologist, was born. She best known for her 60-year study of social and family interactions of wild chimpanzees.
- 1973 First mobile phone call is made in downtown Manhattan, New York City, by Motorola employee Martin Cooper to the Bell Labs headquarters in New Jersey.
- 1991 English novelist Graham Greene died at age 86.
- 2010 The first-generation iPad, a tablet computer, was released by Apple Inc.
- 2016 Private papers from a Panama law firm were made public and revealed how wealthy clients concealed their wealth and avoided paying taxes; the "Panama Papers" represented one of the biggest leaks of confidential data.
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