1890Also known as Frontier Gandhi, Abdul Ghaffar Khan, freedom fighter and independence activist against British colonial rule in India, was born. He was a political and spiritual leader known for his nonviolent opposition and lifelong pacifism; he was a devout Muslim and an advocate for Hindu−Muslim unity in the Indian subcontinent. He was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1987.
1915Kavi Pradeep (Ramchandra Narayanji Dwivedi), poet and songwriter, was born. He is best known for his patriotic song "Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo" written as a tribute to the soldiers who had died defending the country during the Sino-Indian War.
1931Motilal Nehru, lawyer, activist and politician belonging to the Indian National Congress, died. He served as the Congress President twice, 1919–1920 and 1928–1929. He was a patriarch of the Nehru-Gandhi family and the father of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India.
1976Ritwik Kumar Ghatak, noted Indian film director, screenwriter and playwright, died. Along with prominent contemporary Bengali filmmakers Satyajit Ray, Tapan Sinha and Mrinal Sen, his cinema is primarily remembered for its meticulous depiction of social reality, partition and feminism.
2006S Guptan Nair, scholar, academic, critic and writer of Malayalam literature, died. Known for his literary works as well as for his oratorical skills, he was a prolific writer with over 35 books to his credit.
2022Lata Mangeshkar
Lata Mangeshkar, playback singer and occasional music composer, passed away. She is widely considered as one of the greatest and most influential singers in India.
🌎 Elsewhere
1804Joseph Priestley, British chemist, died. His work on the isolation of gases led him to discover oxygen in 1774.
1935First election to allow women to vote were held in Turkey.
1945Jamaican singer-songwriter Bob Marley—who achieved stardom by blending early ska, rock steady, and reggae forms into an electrifying rock-influenced hybrid—was born.
1971Astronaut Alan B Shepard hit a golf ball and Edgar Mitchell threw a "javelin" on the moon. They landed in the same crater and remain on the Moon today.
1985James Hadley Chase, best known English thriller writers of all time, died. While his birth name was René Lodge Brabazon Raymond, he was well known by his various pseudonyms, including James Hadley Chase, James L. Docherty, Raymond Marshall, R. Raymond, and Ambrose Grant.
2023A series of earthquakes took a toll of over 55,000 lives in Turkey and Syria, in the worst earthquakes the region has seen since 1983.
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