On This Day
10 February
- 🇮🇳 In India
- 1805 Father Kuriakose Elias Chavara, Indian Syro-Malabar Catholic priest, philosopher and social reformer, was born. A pioneer of education reforms, his Pallikkoodam movement (setting up schools in church premises) enabled universal access to education when education was the privilege of the social elites.
- 1846 The British conquered the Sikhs in northwestern India in the Battle of Sobraon, the most decisive engagement of the First Sikh War.
- 1949 Savitribai Phule Pune University (formerly University of Pune) was established.
- 1952 Independent India's first general elections pass off peacefully, and return Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru to power.
- 2009 Eminent Hindustani classical vocalist Pandit Bhimsen Joshi was presented with the Bharat Ratna, the country's highest civilian award.
- 2013 During the Hindu festival of Kumbh Mela, a stampede broke out at the train station in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, killing 42 people and injuring at least 300.
- 🌎 Elsewhere
- 1502 Vasco da Gama sets sail from Lisbon, Portugal, on his second voyage to India.
- 1837 Russian poet and novelist Alexander Pushkin was killed in a duel.
- 1890 Boris Pasternak, Russian poet, novelist and literary translator, was born.
- 1923 Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, German mechanical engineer and physicist, died. He discovered X-rays or Röntgen rays, an achievement that earned him the inaugural Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.
- 1932 Edgar Wallace, British novelist, playwright, and journalist who was an enormously popular writer of detective and suspense stories, died. He was the creator of King Kong.
- 1940 Tom and Jerry, cartoon characters created by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, debuted in an MGM studio production.
- 1957 American author Laura Ingalls Wilder, who wrote the popular Little House series of children's books, died at age 90.
- 1990 The spacecraft Galileo flew past Venus on its way to Jupiter.
- 1996 World chess champion Garry Kasparov began a six-round match against Deep Blue, a chess-playing computer built by IBM, in which Kasparov claimed a 4–2 victory (though Deep Blue won a rematch the following year).
- 2005 Arthur Miller—who was recognized as one of the most important playwrights of the mid-20th century, perhaps best known for his Pulitzer Prize-winning masterpiece, Death of a Salesman—died at age 89.
- 2019 According to a global review, insect populations are collapsing worldwide, 40% declining and 30% endangered, threatening a "catastrophic collapse of nature's ecosystems".
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