On This Day
13 April
- 🇮🇳 In India
- 1699 The tenth Sikh Guru Govind Singh founded the Khalsa Panth. The festival of Baisakhi is celebrated on this day every year.
- 1919 379 Sikhs were shot dead by British Indian army soldiers in what became known as the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre or the Amritsar Massacre. British forces under the command of General Reginald Dyer killed hundreds of Indian nationalists in the thickly crowded plaza at Jallianwala Bagh. Unarmed civilians were taking part in a peaceful protest against oppressive laws enforced in the Punjab by British colonial authorities.
- 2010 Indian Sikhs celebrated World Turban Day to demonstrate the importance of retaining the headgear rather than adopting Western-style haircuts.
- 🌎 Elsewhere
- 0837 Halley's Comet was sighted. It was the best view of the comet in 2000 years.
- 1796 The first elephant that was shipped from Bengal, India, arrived in the US.
- 1895 A new series of Sherlock Holmes called Adventure of Solitary Cyclist was started.
- 1906 Samuel Beckett, Irish novelist, playwright, short story writer, theatre director, poet, and literary translator, was born.
- 1933 The first flight over Mount Everest was completed by Lord Clydesdale.
- 1960 The world's first satellite navigation system is launched.
- 1963 Garry Kasparov, Russian chess grandmaster, former World Chess Champion, writer, political activist and commentator, was born.
- 1970 An oxygen tank explodes on Apollo 13, leaving the spacecraft crippled. The emergency prompted Jack Swigert's famous quote "Houston, we've had a problem". The crew managed to return to Earth safely.
- 1997 Tiger Woods became the youngest ever golfer to win the Masters Tournament.
- 2015 German writer Günter Grass—who was the winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature and was known as the literary spokesman for Germans who grew up in the Nazi era and survived World War II—died at the age of 87.
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