On This Day
13 March
- 🇮🇳 In India
- 1800 Nana Phadnavis, influential minister and statesman of the Maratha Empire during the Peshwa administration in Pune, died. James Grant Duff states that he was called "the Maratha Machiavelli" by the Europeans.
- 1878 The Vernacular Press Act was passed to curtail the freedom of the Indian press and prevent the expression of criticism toward British policies. The resentment it produced among Indians became one of the catalysts giving rise to India’s growing independence movement.
- 1940 Michael O'Dwyer, Irish Indian Civil Service officer and later the Lieutenant Governor of Punjab, during whose tenure the Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place, was assassinated by Indian revolutionary Udham Singh at Caxton Hall, London.
- 1947 Lord Louis Mountbatten took charge as Viceroy of British India. He ruled upto 14th August, 1947.
- 1958 Vallathol Narayana Menon, poet in the Malayalam language, died. He was one of the triumvirate poets of modern Malayalam, along with Kumaran Asan and Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer. His first major literary ventures was a rendition of Valmiki's Ramayana into Malayalam, the work of which started in 1905 and took two years to complete.
- 1997 Six months before Mother Teresa's death, Sister Nirmala was selected the Superior General of the Missionaries of Charity.
- 2004 Ustad Vilayat Khan, Indian classical sitar player, died at Mumbai. Along with Imdad Khan, Enayat Khan, and Imrat Khan, he is credited with the creation and development of gayaki ang on the sitar.
- 🌎 Elsewhere
- 0624 Mohammed, the Prophet of Islam, led Muslims to victory in the Battle of Badr, Saudi Arabia. This was a major event in the spread of Islam on the Arabian Peninsula.
- 1639 Cambridge College was renamed Harvard University.
- 1781 The German-born English astronomer Sir William Herschel discovered the planet Georgium Sidus, later known as Uranus.
- 1933 Joseph Goebbels became Adolf Hitler's Minister for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda. He masterminded the Nazi propaganda machine and executed its murderous agenda.
- 2012 The Encyclopaedia Britannica discontinued its print edition after 244 years.
- 2020 Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates steps down from the company's board to focus on philanthropic activities.
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