On This Day
12 July
- 🇮🇳 In India
- 1576 Mughal Empire annexes Bengal after defeating the Bengal Sultanate at the Battle of Rajmahal.
- 1674 Shivaji signed a friendship contract with the East India Company.
- 1799 Ranjit Singh captured Lahore from Bhangi Misl, an important step in establishing the Sikh Empire and becoming Maharaja of Punjab.
- 1823 Diana, the first steam ship built in India, was unveiled in Calcutta (now Kolkata).
- 🌎 Elsewhere
- 1776 Captain James Cook, the famous British explorer, navigator and cartographer, begins his third voyage.
- 1904 Chilean poet, diplomat, and politician Pablo Neruda, perhaps the most important Latin American poet of the 20th century and the winner of the 1971 Nobel Prize for Literature, was born in Parral.
- 1979 The island nation of Kiribati becomes independent from the United Kingdom.
- 1997 Malala Yousafzai, Pakistani activist for female education and the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize laureate, was born in Mingora, Pakistan. Awarded when she was 17, she is the world's youngest Nobel Prize laureate, and the second Pakistani and the first Pashtun to ever receive a Nobel Prize.
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