On This Day
4 July
- 🇮🇳 In India
- 1881 The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (also known as the DHR or the Toy Train), a 2 ft gauge railway that runs between New Jalpaiguri and Darjeeling in the Indian state of West Bengal, started its train service.
- 1902 Swami Vivekananda passed away at the age of 39.
- 1999 In the Kargil War, Tiger Hill was recaptured in an 11-hour battle with Pakistani forces.
- 2017 India’s PM Narendra Modi arrived in Israel for the first ever visit by an Indian premier, amid growing ties between the two countries including billions of dollars in defence deals.
- 🌎 Elsewhere
- 1054 Chinese and Arabian observers first documented the massive supernova of the Crab Nebula created thousands of years ago and consisting of a huge expanding cloud of gas and dust 6,000 light-years from Earth. The great nova, as Oriental astronomers described it, was six times brighter than Venus and was only outshone by the sun and moon.
- 1776 The Declaration of Independence of the United States.
- 1804 Nathaniel Hawthorne, American novelist and short-story writer, was born in Massachusetts, United States.
- 1848 The Communist Manifesto, written by German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, was published.
- 1865 Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland was published
- 1867 Marie Curie, Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity, was born. She is remembered for her discovery of radium and polonium, and her huge contribution to finding treatments for cancer. She was the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize and the only woman to receive two Nobel prizes.
- 1884 The Statue of Liberty was presented to the United States by the French in Paris.
- 1946 The Republic of the Philippines was proclaimed an independent country.
- 2012 Discovery of Higgs boson particle was announced by scientists at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). The existence of the elusive elementary particle in physics, was suggested in the 1960s. The Higgs boson, which is named after Nobel laureate, Peter Higgs, was finally detected by scientists working at the Large Hadron Collider.
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