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On This Day

16 February

🇮🇳 In India

1586 Birbal (born as Mahesh Das Brahmabhatt), advisor and main commander (Mukhya Senapati) of army in the court of Akbar, died. He is mostly known for the folk tales which focus on his wit.

1927 The first rail service started between India and Nepal, on narrow gauge railway track of 2 ft 6 in (762 mm).

1944 Dadasaheb Phalke (Dhundiraj Govind Phalke), Indian producer-director-screenwriter, known as "the Father of Indian cinema", died at Nashik, Maharashtra. His debut film, Raja Harishchandra, was the first Indian movie released in 1913, and is now known as India's first full-length feature film.

1956 Meghnad Saha, astrophysicist who developed the Saha ionization equation used to describe chemical and physical conditions in stars, died. His work allowed astronomers to accurately relate the spectral classes of stars to their actual temperatures.

1982 The Jawaharlal Nehru International Gold Cup football tournament was held in Calcutta for the first time in 1982.

1993 Dr U R Ananta Murthy, writer and critic in the Kannada language, elected president of the Kendra Sahitya Academy.

🌎 Elsewhere

0374 Ninth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. Halley's periodic returns to the inner Solar System have been observed and recorded by astronomers around the world since at least 240 BC. But it was not until 1705 that the English astronomer Edmond Halley understood that these appearances were reappearances of the same comet. As a result of this discovery, the comet is now named after Halley.

1861 Abraham Lincoln stops his train at Westfield on his way to Washington to thank 11-year old Grace Bedell in person for her advice to grow a beard to gain more votes.

1918 Lithuania proclaimed its independence from Russia.

1923 The tomb of King Tutankhamen, discovered in 1922, was opened.

1959 Fidel Castro became the leader of Cuba after having ousted the right-wing dictator Fulgencio Batista.

1980 A total solar eclipse of duration 4 minutes 8 seconds occurred.

2005 The Kyoto Protocol, an international treaty aimed at reducing the emission of gases that contribute to global warming, went into effect.

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