On This Day
26 March
- 🇮🇳 In India
- 1552 Guru Amar Das became the third Sikh guru. He is noted for his division of the Punjab into administrative districts and for encouraging missionary work to spread the Sikh faith.
- 1907 Mahadevi Varma, Hindi poet, essayist, sketch story writer and an eminent personality of Hindi literature, was born in Farrukhabad, Uttar Pradesh. She is considered one of the four major pillars of the Chhayawadi era in Hindi literature. She has been also addressed as the Modern Meera.
- 1974 Chipko movement (or chipko andolan), considered as one of the strongest movements to conserve forests in India, started in a village called Reni in Uttarakhand (then part of Uttar Pradesh). Today, beyond the eco-socialism hue, the Chipko movement is seen increasingly as an ecofeminist movement. Although many of its leaders were men, women were not only its backbone, but also its mainstay, because they were the ones most affected by the rampant deforestation, which led to a lack of firewood and fodder as well as water for drinking and irrigation. Over the years they also became primary stakeholders in a majority of the afforestation work that happened under the Chipko movement. In 1987, the Chipko movement was awarded the Right Livelihood Award "for its dedication to the conservation, restoration and ecologically-sound use of India's natural resources.
- 🌎 Elsewhere
- 1827 Ludwig van Beethoven, German composer and pianist, died at age 56 in Vienna, Austria. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classical music repertoire and span the transition from the Classical period to the Romantic era in classical music.
- 1874 Robert Frost, American poet, was born in San Francisco, California, United States. His work was initially published in England before it was published in the United States. He was much admired for his depictions of rural New England life and his realistic verse portraying ordinary people.
- 1942 The Germans begin sending Jews to Auschwitz in Poland.
- 1953 American medical researcher Dr. Jonas Salk announced on a national radio show that he had successfully tested a vaccine against poliomyelitis, commonly known as polio. Clinical trials began the next year.
- 1971 Bangladesh (East Pakistan) under Sheikh Mujibur Rahman declared its independence from Pakistan.
- 1973 Women are allowed on to the trading floor of the London Stock Exchange for the first time in the institution's 200 year history.
- 1975 The Biological Weapons Treaty, which bans the development, production and stockpiling of biological and toxin weapons, came into effect. It has now been ratified by most countries worldwide.
- 1979 Egypt's President Anwar al-Sadat and Israel's Prime Minister Menachem Begin signed the Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty, which ended 30 years of war between the two countries.
- 1989 The first free elections took place in the Soviet Union. Boris Yeltsin was elected president.
- 2000 Vladimir Putin is elected President of Russia. The ex-KGB officer has been lauded for leading Russia out of the 1990 economic crisis and criticized for building a regime that many have described as authoritarian and undemocratic.
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