On This Day
19 February
- 🇮🇳 In India
- 1630 Shivaji Bhonsle I, also referred to as Chhatrapati Shivaji, was born. He was an Indian ruler and a member of the Bhonsle Maratha clan. Shivaji carved out an enclave from the declining Adilshahi sultanate of Bijapur that formed the genesis of the Maratha Empire.
- 1818 Bapu Gokhale, commander-in -chief of the Third Anglo-Maratha War against the East India Company, died in battle.
- 1868 Amrita Bazar Patrika, one of the oldest newspapers in India, started publication in the village of Amrita Bazar as a Bengali weekly newspaper. The paper discontinued its publication in 1991 after 123 years of publication.
- 1915 Gopal Krishna Gokhale, 'moderate' political leader and social reformer during the Indian independence movement, died at Mumbai. Gokhale was a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and the founder of the Servants of India Society.
- 1962 Third general elections of India began.
- 1986 Computerised railway ticket reservation system was introduced in New Delhi Railway station.
- 1993 German Chancellor Helmut Kohl receives the Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding from the President.
- 1999 The Delhi–Lahore bus service connecting Delhi with the city of Lahore, Pakistan via the border transit post at Wagah, was started. In the inaugural run, the bus carried the then-Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, who was to attend a summit in Lahore and was received by his Pakistani counterpart, Nawaz Sharif at Wagah. In August 2019 Pakistan decided to stop the service in the wake of India revoking Jammu and Kashmir's special status.
- 🌎 Elsewhere
- 1473 Nicolaus Copernicus, Polish astronomer and mathematician who proposed that the Sun is the center of the solar system and that the planets circle the Sun, was born.
- 1878 Thomas Edison patented the gramophone (phonograph).
- 1914 Four-year old Charlotte May Pierstorff mailed by train from Grangeville, Idaho to her grandparents' house 73 miles away in most famous 'child in the post' instance. For a brief period of 6 years, it was possible to mail a baby or small child through the US Postal Service.
- 1971 Jeffrey Kinney, American author and cartoonist, best known for the children's book series Diary of a Wimpy Kid, was born.
- 1997 Deng Xiaoping, Chinese revolutionary leader, military commander and statesman who served as the paramount leader of the People's Republic of China from December 1978 to November 1989, died at the age of 92.
- 2008 Fidel Castro resigned as President of Cuba after 49 years in power. Ral Castro, Fidel's brother, succeeded him as president.
- 2016 American author Harper Lee—who was nationally acclaimed and revered for her first novel, To Kill a Mockingbird (1960), which movingly depicts small-town life and racial prejudice—died at age 89.
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